An elective despotism was not the government we fought for; but one in which the powers of government should be so divided and balanced among the several bodies of magistracy as that no one could transcend their legal limits without being effectually checked and restrained by the others.
James Madison - Date: 1788



Area and Dimensions of a Circular Ring

Please enter r or d and R or D.
r
d
R
D


Area =  

Formulas:

A = Area
R = Outer Radius
D = Outer Diameter
r = Inner Radius
d = Inner Diameter
A = p * (R2 - r2)
A = 3.1416 * (R2 - r2)
A = 0.7854 * (D2 - d2)

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